Journal of Immunotoxicology, 2020
Collinge M, Schneider P, Li D, Parish S, Dumont C, Freebern W, Ghanime J, Guimont-Derochers F, Langenkamp A, Lebron J, Li N, Marban C, Plitnick L, Wheeler J
Nonclinical immunotoxicity evaluation is an important component of safety assessment for pharmaceuticals. One in vitro assay that can be applied in a weight of evidence assessment is the human lymphocyte activation (HuLA) assay, an antigen recall assay, similar in many respects to the in vivo T-cell-dependent antibody response (TDAR) in that cooperation of multiple immune cell types are needed to produce responses. This assay uses human cells and is more amenable than the TDAR to compound ranking and mechanistic studies.
Journal of Immunotoxicology, 2020
Kamperschroer C, Shenton J, Lebrec H, Leighton JK, Moore PA, Thomas O
Currently, there is a multitude of CD3 bispecifics with different molecular designs and binding properties in preclinical and clinical development for the treatment of liquid or solid tumors. The key safety concerns with CD3 bispecifics are excessive release of cytokines, which may translate to potentially life-threating cytokine release syndrome (CRS), target organ toxicity due to redirection of T-cells to normal tissues expressing the tumor-associated antigen (TAA) (off-tumor/on-target cytotoxicity), and, in some instances, neurotoxicity.
Scientific Reports, 2020
James Kramer, Herbert M. Himmel, Anders Lindqvist, Sonja Stoelzle-Feix, Khuram W. Chaudhary, Dingzhou Li, Georg Andrees Bohme, Matthew Bridgland-Taylor, Simon Hebeisen, Jingsong Fan, Muthukrishnan Renganathan, John Imredy, Edward S. A. Humphries, Nina Brinkwirth, Tim Strassmaier, Atsushi Ohtsuki, Timm Danker, Carlos Vanoye, Liudmila Polonchuk, Bernard Fermini, Jennifer Beck Pierson & Gary Gintant
Automated patch clamp (APC) instruments enable efficient evaluation of electrophysiologic effects of drugs on human cardiac currents in heterologous expression systems. Differences in experimental protocols, instruments, and dissimilar site procedures affect the variability of IC50 values characterizing drug block potency. This impacts the utility of APC platforms for assessing a drug’s cardiac safety margin. We determined variability of APC data from multiple sites that measured blocking potency of 12 blinded drugs (with different levels of proarrhythmic risk) against four human cardiac currents (hERG [IKr], hCav1.2 [L-Type ICa], peak hNav1.5, [Peak INa], late hNav1.5 [Late INa]) with recommended protocols (to minimize variance) using five APC platforms across 17 sites.
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2020
Stanley T. Parish, Michael Aschner, Warren Casey, Marco Corvaro, Michelle R. Embry, Suzanne Fitzpatrick, Darren Kidd, Nicole C. Kleinstreuer, Beatriz Silva Lima, Raja S. Settivari, Douglas C. Wolf, Daiju Yamazaki, Alan Boobis
The need to develop new tools and increase capacity to test pharmaceuticals and other chemicals for potential adverse impacts on human health and the environment is an active area of development. The response to these challenges for a “paradigm shift” toward using new approach methodologies (NAMS) for safety assessment has resulted in an explosion of initiatives by numerous organizations, but, for the most part, these have been carried out independently and are not coordinated in any meaningful way. To help remedy this situation, a framework that presents a consistent set of criteria, universal across initiatives, to evaluate a NAM’s fit-for-purpose was developed by a multi-stakeholder group of industry, academic, and regulatory experts.
Science of the Total Environment, 2019
Aude Kienzler, Stephanie Bopp, Marlies Halder, Michelle Embry, Andrew Worth
There is growing evidence that single substances present below their individual thresholds of effect may still contribute to combined effects. Here, the possible use of ecotoxicological threshold concentrations of no concern (i.e. 5th percentile of statistical distribution of ecotoxicological values) is investigated to fill data gaps in MRA.
